This paper identifies the conceptual and practical common ground for Business and Human Rights (BHR) and Security Sector Reform (SSR) from which to address shared security and human rights challenges. Beyond a conceptual analysis of the relationship between the fields of SSR and BHR, the paper includes three extensive case studies (Guinea, Papua New Guinea and Colombia) that highlight how operational challenges in extractives can be related to broader challenges in the security sector, with serious consequences for communities and companies. Finally, the paper identifies ‚lessons learned and translates them into guidance in five focus areas: stakeholder engagement, risk assessment, training, monitoring, and oversight and accountability.